Hadoop Guru: Linux Commands - pwd | cd | ls | mkdir | rmdir | pushd | popd

Lets talk about basic Linux commands:

pwd : Print working directory

cd : Change directory

ls : List Directory

mkdir: Make Directory

rmdir: Remove Directory
pushd: pushd adds a directory to the stack n changes to new current directory

popd : popd removes a directory from the stack and sets the current directory.

clear: Clear the screen n user irritation

pwd (print working directory):

print working directory(pwd) will display your current working directory.

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

cd (Change directory):

Change directory (cd) command can be used to change your current working directory.

Example: inside /home/hadoop there is a folder named hadoop-1.2.1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ cd hadoop-1.2.1/

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1$ pwd

/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1

1. cd ~ or cd:

cd command without any target directory will take you to your home directory, same is the effect of cd ~

Example: our current working directory was /home/hadoop/hadoop-

I. hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1$ cd ~

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

II. hadoopguru@hadoop2:/$ pwd

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/$ cd

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

2. cd .. :

cd .. command will take you to the parent working directory. Parent working directory is the one which is just above your current working directory.

The usage of slash after ../.. will take user the directory which parent to the parent directory.

Example:

I. hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ pwd

/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/conf

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ cd ..

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1$ pwd

/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1

II. hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ pwd

/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/conf

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ cd ../..

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

III. hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ pwd

/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/conf

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ cd ../../..

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/home$ pwd

/home

3. cd - :

If one wishes to go back to the previous directory, cd – will help to do that.

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ cd hadoop-1.2.1/conf

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ pwd

/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/conf

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ cd -

/home/hadoop

Slash (/) usage makes a differen

Possible scenarios:

1. If user wants to open a directory present in root directory:

Sol: Starting directory name with slash (/) always direct you to the root of the file tree.

Example:

I. hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ cd /home

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/home$ pwd

/home

II. hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ pwd

/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/conf

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1/conf$ cd /bin

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/bin$ pwd

/bin

2. If user wants to open a directory in current working directory:

Sol: Ignore slash (/) prior to directory name.

Example:
hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ cd hadoop-1.2.1/

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1$ pwd

/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1

3. If user wants to open a directory present in root directory, and current working directory is root directory.

Sol: one can find solution in above 2 scenarios, in such cases usage of slash (/) makes no difference

Example:

I. Without slash(/)

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/$ pwd

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/$ cd home

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/home$ pwd

/home

II. Is same as with slash(/)

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/$ pwd

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/$ cd /home

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/home$ pwd

/home

List directory contents:

User can list the contents of directory using ls command.

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls

apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

aveo hive

data hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

datanode mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

derby.log metastore_db

flume namenode

hadoop-1.2.1

1. ls –a:

In order to list all files including hidden files use –a with ls (i.e. ls –a).

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls -a

. flume

.. hadoop-1.2.1

apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

aveo hive

.bash_history hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

.bash_logout .hivehistory

.bash_profile mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

.bashrc metastore_db

.cache namenode

data .profile

datanode .ssh

derby.log .viminfo

2. ls –l:

For files with details user can use ls –l command

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls -l

total 261824

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 60965956 Jul 1 09:41 apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 24 01:22 aveo

drwxr-xr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 23:30 data

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 17:37 datanode

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 343 Oct 6 17:47 derby.log

drwxrwxr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 17:55 flume

drwxr-xr-x 15 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 16:32 hadoop-1.2.1

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 38096663 Oct 6 12:37 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 17:44 hive

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 59859572 Oct 6 12:08 hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 109137498 Oct 6 12:29 mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 17:47 metastore_db

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 23:30 namenode

3. ls –lh or ls –hl or ls –l –h or ls –h -l:

ls –lh shows the size of file in human readable form.

Example:

A. ls -lh :

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls -lh

total 256M

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 59M Jul 1 09:41 apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 24 01:22 aveo

drwxr-xr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 23:30 data

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:37 datanode

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 343 Oct 6 17:47 derby.log

drwxrwxr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:55 flume

drwxr-xr-x 15 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 16:32 hadoop-1.2.1

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 37M Oct 6 12:37 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 8 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:44 hive

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 58M Oct 6 12:08 hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 105M Oct 6 12:29 mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:47 metastore_db

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 23:30 namenode

B. ls -l -h :

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls -l -h

total 256M

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 59M Jul 1 09:41 apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 24 01:22 aveo

drwxr-xr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 23:30 data

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:37 datanode

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 343 Oct 6 17:47 derby.log

drwxrwxr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:55 flume

drwxr-xr-x 15 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 16:32 hadoop-1.2.1

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 37M Oct 6 12:37 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 8 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:44 hive

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 58M Oct 6 12:08 hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 105M Oct 6 12:29 mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:47 metastore_db

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 23:30 namenode

C. ls -hl :

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls -hl

total 256M

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 59M Jul 1 09:41 apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 24 01:22 aveo

drwxr-xr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 23:30 data

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:37 datanode

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 343 Oct 6 17:47 derby.log

drwxrwxr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:55 flume

drwxr-xr-x 15 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 16:32 hadoop-1.2.1

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 37M Oct 6 12:37 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 8 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:44 hive

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 58M Oct 6 12:08 hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 105M Oct 6 12:29 mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:47 metastore_db

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 23:30 namenode

D. ls -h -l :

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls -h -l

total 256M

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 59M Jul 1 09:41 apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 24 01:22 aveo

drwxr-xr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 23:30 data

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:37 datanode

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 343 Oct 6 17:47 derby.log

drwxrwxr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:55 flume

drwxr-xr-x 15 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 16:32 hadoop-1.2.1

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 37M Oct 6 12:37 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 8 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:44 hive

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 58M Oct 6 12:08 hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 105M Oct 6 12:29 mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 17:47 metastore_db

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4.0K Oct 6 23:30 namenode

Make directory:

User can create their directory using mkdir command.

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ pwd

/home/hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ mkdir aveo_hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls -l

total 261828

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 60965956 Jul 1 09:41 apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 24 01:22 aveo

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 27 10:10 aveo_hadoop

drwxr-xr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 23:30 data

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 17:37 datanode

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 343 Oct 6 17:47 derby.log

drwxrwxr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 17:55 flume

drwxr-xr-x 15 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 16:32 hadoop-1.2.1

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 38096663 Oct 6 12:37 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 17:44 hive

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 59859572 Oct 6 12:08 hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 109137498 Oct 6 12:29 mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 17:47 metastore_db

drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 6 23:30 namenode

1. mkdir -p:

mkdir –p will help creating parent directory if needed

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ mkdir -p aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1/aveo_hadoop2

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ mkdir -p aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1/aveo_hadoop2

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls

apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1 hadoop-1.2.1

aveo hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

aveo_hadoop hive

data hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

datanode mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

derby.log metastore_db

flume namenode

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ cd aveo_hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop$ ls

aveo_hadoop1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop$ cd aveo_hadoop1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1$ ls

aveo_hadoop2

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1$ cd aveo_hadoop2

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1/aveo_hadoop2$ pwd

/home/hadoop/aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1/aveo_hadoop2

Remove directory:

One can delete the existing directory using rmdir command but iff the directory is empty.

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls

apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

aveo hive

aveo_hadoop hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

data mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

datanode metastore_db

derby.log mydir

flume namenode

hadoop-1.2.1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ rmdir mydir/

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls

apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1 hadoop-1.2.1

aveo hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

aveo_hadoop hive

data hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

datanode mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

derby.log metastore_db

flume namenode

rmdir –p:

User can remove directory from any specified path using rmdir –p.

Example:

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls

apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1 hadoop-1.2.1

aveo hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

aveo_hadoop hive

data hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

datanode mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

derby.log metastore_db

flume namenode

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ cd aveo_hadoop

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop$ ls

aveo_hadoop1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop$ cd aveo_hadoop1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1$ ls

aveo_hadoop2

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1$ cd aveo_hadoop2

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1/aveo_hadoop2$ cd

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ rmdir -p aveo_hadoop/aveo_hadoop1/aveo_hadoop2/

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ ls

apache-flume-1.4.0-bin.tar.gz.1 hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

aveo hive

data hive-0.11.0-bin.tar.gz

datanode mahout-distribution-0.8.tar.gz

derby.log metastore_db

flume namenode

hadoop-1.2.1

pushd and popd:

Both these commands works on the common stack on previous directories

pushd: pushd adds a directory to the stack n changes to new current directory

popd: popd removes a directory from the stack and sets the current directory.

Example:

pushd :

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~$ cd hadoop-1.2.1/

hadoopguru@hadoop2:~/hadoop-1.2.1$ pushd /bin

/bin ~/hadoop-1.2.1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/bin$ pushd /lib

/lib /bin ~/hadoop-1.2.1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/lib$ pushd /hadoop

/hadoop /lib /bin ~/hadoop-1.2.1

popd :

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/hadoop$ popd

/lib /bin ~/hadoop-1.2.1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/lib$ popd

/bin ~/hadoop-1.2.1

hadoopguru@hadoop2:/bin$ popd

~/hadoop-1.2.1

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Thursday, 12 December 2013

Linux Commands - pwd | cd | ls | mkdir | rmdir | pushd | popd | clear

17 comments: